Effects of meaning-based psychotherapy on post-traumatic growth and death anxiety in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world which imposes numerous psychological burdens on the patients. Psycho-spiritual interventions such as meaning-based therapies may help decrease these challenges. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the effects of meaning-based psychotherapy on post-traumatic growth and death anxiety of patients with cancer. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched until 30 September 2023. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A random-effect model was preferred, and statistical analysis was performed by STATA software version 17. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included in the systematic review. Eleven articles examined the impact of meaning-based interventions on death anxiety and six articles examined post-traumatic growth in cancer patients. Ten studies with a total of 555 participants were included for analysis of the effect of logotherapy versus routine care on death anxiety. Analysis showed a significant decrease effect of logotherapy versus routine care on death anxiety (SMD, - 4.05 (- 6.20, - 1.90); I2, 98.38%). Three studies with a total of 364 participants were included for analysis of the effect of logotherapy versus routine care on post-traumatic growth in patients with cancer. Analysis showed a positive but non-significant effect of logotherapy versus routine care on post-traumatic growth (SMD, 2.05 (- 0.91, 5.01); I2, 99.08%). CONCLUSION: The qualitative analysis showed the positive impact of meaning-based psychotherapy interventions on death anxiety and post-traumatic growth in cancer patients, but the results of the meta-analysis on post-traumatic growth were not statistically significant. The review shows the need for more clinical trial studies in larger and more diverse samples in terms of cancer types and cultural background.

Design and effectiveness of an online group logotherapy intervention on the mental health of Iranian international students in European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The secondary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to widespread psychological challenges, significantly strained international students' mental health. The present work sought to design and assess the efficacy of an Online Group Logotherapy Protocol, an existential psychology approach developed by Viktor Frankl, to reduce anxiety and depression levels among Iranian international students who were migrants/refugees in different European countries during the pandemic. Methods: The study recruited 70 students (58 females and 12 males, age range 20-35, 6 EU countries) experiencing moderate levels of anxiety and depression as measured by the Beck Anxiety (BAI) and Depression (BDI) Inventories at pre-test. Half the participants received a short-term closed group intervention comprising 6 online sessions / 90 min of logotherapy. The control group received 6 sessions without specific psychological treatment. Results: The designed logotherapy sessions consisted of 1. Fundamentals of logotherapy, 2. Existential concerns, 3. Introspection, 4. Self-awareness and growth, 5. Empowering and facing challenges, 6. Meaning of life and conclusions. Five logotherapy techniques were used: Socratic Dialog, Modification of Attitude, Paradoxical Intention, Dereflection, and Logodrama. After the sessions, the post-test MANCOVA analysis showed a more potent effect of logotherapy reducing depression and anxiety than that elicited without intervention. The Eta coefficient suggests that the observed difference explains the effect of logotherapy with a strong power of 89%. Conclusion: These findings unveil (1) the benefits of online group sessions despite the geographical distance and (2) the relevance of logotherapy effectively reducing depression and anxiety in such complex scenarios where psychological resources and cultural competencies are limited.

Logotherapy-Based Interventions for Chinese Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia Through Online Groups: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Chinese family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD) can suffer from physical and psychological burden. This study aimed to examine the effects of logotherapy-based interventions on Chinese family caregivers of older adults with dementia to decrease caregiver burden. This mixed-methods study used a pre-experimental design with pre-posttests and semi-structured interviews. A purposive sample of 13 family caregivers from a suburban district in Shanghai was enrolled with (1) caregiver burden and (2) access and capability to use smart devices. Participants received eight online group logotherapy sessions with a focus on hope and meaning construction. Participants completed the Zarit Burden Interview, a 22-item measure of caregiver burden, before and after the intervention, and a 30-min semi-structured interview post-intervention. From the quantitative data, dementia caregivers reported severe caregiving burdens at the baseline (M = 54.77, SD = 9.33). Caregiver burden significantly decreased after the logotherapy-based intervention (M = 52.15, SD = 8.80, p < .001). Two themes pertaining to participants' experiences in intervention emerged from the qualitative data: (1) improved attitudes toward suffering, and (2) enhanced sense of meaning in life and hope. The cultural relevance of logotherapy to Chinese familism and Confucianism may further enhance its feasibility in the Chinese context.

The Place of Religiosity and Spirituality in Frankl's Logotherapy: Distinguishing Salvific and Hygienic Objectives.

The relationship between psychology and religion has been widely debated in the field of psychology from its foundation as an empirical science to the present day. One author who was interested in the relationship between psychology and religion, the place of the latter in human nature, and its role in psychotherapy was the Viennese neurologist, psychiatrist, and philosopher Viktor Emil Frankl (1905-1997), the founder of logotherapy. This paper presents Frankl's main ideas about religion, the religious nature of the human being, and the relationship between religiosity, psychotherapy, and logotherapy, as well as a review of the main criticisms he has received in this regard. Frankl always defended the differences and limits between religion and psychotherapy, between the priestly cure of souls and the medical cure of souls, and between the salvific objective of religion and the hygienic objective of psychotherapy. In our opinion, critical authors have failed to appreciate Frankl's efforts to expose this distinction.

Searching for Meaning in the Life of Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf: A Call to Meaningful Responses to Tragedies.

Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, born in 1938, is Africa's first elected female head of state. She navigated stressful and traumatic events, including bullying, domestic abuse, persecution, a civil war, witnessing the effects of genocide and navigating a patriarchal system. Nonetheless, Johnson-Sirleaf's determination established her as a global icon who played a significant role in women's empowerment. Johnson-Sirleaf was purposively selected for this study as she is an extraordinary female political leader. Frankl's dimensional ontology is employed to describe and explore the life of Johnson-Sirleaf from a psychobiographical perspective using publicly available information. The study focused on the period between 1938 and 2005. The findings suggest that Johnson-Sirleaf transcended psychophysical and psychosocial limitations and crafted a meaningful life. It seems Johnson-Sirleaf was guided by a sense of purpose and used her will to meaning to overcome psychosocial injustices and psychophysical issues. This study illustrates the value of Frankl's existential theory in illuminating the life histories of extraordinary political leaders and its potential contribution to contemporary mental health challenges.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of meaning-centred psychotherapies in depressed participants.

Depression is a mental disorder that is associated with low quality of life, increased risk of suicide and a high economic cost for society. Meta-analyses indicate that Meaning Centred Psychotherapies (MCP) are an efficacious psychotherapy to reduce depression in participants with chronic illness and cancer. However, to date, no systematic review has analysed the effectiveness of MCP in depressed participants who do not have a physical illness or cancer. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review to analyse the effectiveness of MCP in participants with depression and no physical illness. The search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Six studies (two randomised controlled trials and four quasi-experimental studies) were included in the systematic review. The results indicate that MCP is more effective than a control group as waitlist (four studies), psychoeducation group (one study), and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT, one study), in reducing depressive symptoms, improving meaning in life and reducing anxiety in participants without physical illness. MCP would be considered a probably efficacious treatment for depression. However, further research with better experimental designs will be necessary to confirm the effectiveness of MCP for depression.

The Meaning of Life and Religious Coping in the Fight Against Cancer: A Study with Oncology Patients in Brazil in Light of Viktor Frankl's Theory.

This study aimed to describe the perception of the meaning of life and coping strategies of 19 patients with cancer at a public hospital in Brazil. This is descriptive and qualitative research that used Amedeo Giorgi's phenomenological model, and the interpretation was performed in light of Viktor Frankl's theory. Two themes have emerged: (1) the perception of the meaning of life in the experience with cancer and (2) religious coping to fight the disease. This study showed that revealing the meaning of life in the cancer experience contributes to better treatment compliance, a more favorable view of the future and better quality of life. On the other hand, religious coping is the strategy most used by patients who believe in God, showing a greater state of psychological and spiritual well-being.

Abordagem da espiritualidade na formação em saúde à luz da teoria de Viktor Frankl / El enfoque de la espiritualidad en la formación en salud a la luz de la teoría de Viktor Frankl / The approach to spirituality in health training in the light of Viktor Frankl's theory

Objetivo: refletir sobre a importância de agregar a espiritualidade na formação dos profissionais de saúde por meio dos aspectos basilares da teoria de Viktor Frankl. Método: trata-se de uma reflexão teórica a partir de Viktor Frankl, discutindo sobre a importância de agregar a espiritualidade na formação dos profissionais de saúde. Resultados: Frankl propõe que o homem é um ser dotado de valores criativos, vivenciais e atitudinais, os quais implicam em processos de devoção dos indivíduos a algo maior que si, especialmente, pela superação das adversidades da vida por meio da conquista de um sentido maior. A espiritualidade é característica central dessa visão, conferindo a autotranscedência, ficando claro a importância de inserir essa dimensão na formação em saúde. Conclusão: A importância de organizar a formação dos profissionais de saúde a partir da inclusão da espiritualidade, segundo os postulados teóricos de Frankl, decorre da necessidade de ir além dos estudos disciplinares e fragmentados das graduações, promovendo uma formação humana e integrativa, que inclua reflexões acerca da própria espiritualidade do profissional, bem como daqueles aos quais este assiste.

Objective: to reflect on the importance of adding spirituality in the training of health professionals through the basic aspects of Viktor Frankl's theory. Methodology: This is a theoretical reflection based on Viktor Frankl, discussing the presence of adding spirituality in the training of health professionals. Results: Frankl defines that man is a being of creative, experiential and attitudinal values, which imply, through the individual, to devote himself to something greater than himself, especially, by overcoming life in the conquest of a meaning. Spirituality is a central feature of this vision, conferring a self-transcendence, making it clear the importance of including this dimension in health education. Conclusion: The importance of organizing the training of health professionals based on the inclusion of spirituality, according to Frankl's theoretical postulates, according to the theoretical postulates of the need to go disciplinary and fragmented of the graduations, promoting a human and integrative formation, which include about of the professional's own spirituality, as well as those who assist.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la importancia de sumar la espiritualidad en la formación de los profesionales de la salud a través de los aspectos básicos de la teoría de Viktor Frankl. Metodología: Se trata de una reflexión teórica basada en Viktor Frankl, discutiendo la presencia de la incorporación de la espiritualidad en la formación de profesionales de la salud. Resultados: Frankl define que el hombre es un ser de valores creativos, experienciales y actitudinales, que implican, a través del individuo, entregarse a algo más grande que él mismo, especialmente, por la superación de la vida en la conquista de un sentido. La espiritualidad es un rasgo central de esta visión, confiriendo una autotrascendencia, dejando clara la importancia de incluir esta dimensión en la educación para la salud. Conclusión: La importancia de organizar la formación de los profesionales de la salud a partir de la inclusión de la espiritualidad, según los postulados teóricos de Frankl, según los postulados teóricos de la necesidad de ir disciplinado y fragmentado de las graduaciones, promoviendo una formación humana e integradora, que incluyen de la propia espiritualidad del profesional, así como de los que lo asisten.

The effects of virtual logotherapy on health-promoting lifestyle among single-parent adolescent girls during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a randomized clinical trial.

Single-parent adolescents are vulnerable individuals and it is necessary to improve their health, particularly during epidemics. This study aimed to investigate the effects of virtual logotherapy (VL) on health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) among single-parent adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic. This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 88 single-parent adolescent girls recruited from the support organization for vulnerable individuals in Tehran, Iran. They were randomly allocated to a control and an intervention group through block randomization. Participants in the intervention group received VL in three-five person groups in 90 min biweekly sessions. The Adolescent Health Promotion Short-Form was used to assess HPL. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 26.0) and through the independent-sample t, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. There was no significant difference between the intervention and the control groups respecting the pretest mean score of HPL (73.58±16.74 vs. 72.80±9.30; P=0.085). However, the posttest mean score of HPL in the intervention group (82 with an interquartile range of 78-90) was significantly more than the control group (71.50 with an interquartile range of 63.25-84.50) (P=0.001). Moreover, after adjusting the effects of the significant between-group differences respecting pretest mean scores, the pretest-posttest differences of the mean scores of HPL and all its dimensions in the intervention group were significantly more than the control group (P<0.05). VL is effective in significantly improving HPL among single-parent adolescent girls. Healthcare authorities are recommended to use VL for health promotion among single-parent adolescents.Trial registrationThis research was registered (17/05/2020) in the www.thaiclinicaltrials.org with registration number: TCTR20200517001.

Online Mindfulness-Based Logotherapy Program: A Pilot Study Targeting Depressive Symptoms of Cyberbullied Adolescents During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to the intensive use of the internet for educational and recreational purposes, leading adolescents to be more exposed to cyberbullying. Empirical studies indicate that cyberbullying has become a pervasive problem among adolescents causing negative consequences like depression. Moreover, the global pandemic lockdown and quarantine measures gave rise to the demand for telepsychology and teletherapy to virtually address the psychological needs of netizens. Thus, utilizing Conklin's program development model, we created and experimentally tested an online intervention program to target the depressive symptoms experienced by cyberbullied adolescents. We integrated logotherapy and mindfulness to develop an eight-modular, Online Mindfulness-based Logotherapy Program (OnlineMLP). After being validated by experts in various disciplines, we experimentally pilot tested the efficacy of the OnlineMLP in a 3-h session per module in four weeks to a group (N = 10) of cyberbullied adolescents in Tamilnadu, India. The pilot study showed significantly that the OnlineMLP had a positive effect on the participants reducing their depressive symptoms. Furthermore, it confirmed that the online program's concepts and structure are reliable, feasible, and efficacious for testing a more extensive base of cyberbullied adolescents experiencing depressive symptoms.

The Medical Healing of Souls: a strategy for welcoming post-pandemic mental health / La Cura Médica de Almas: una estrategia para acoger la salud mental pospandemia / A Cura Médica de Almas: uma estratégia de acolhimento em saúde mental pós-pandemia

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the applicability of the Medical Healing of Souls (MHS) by health professionals as a welcoming strategy in post-pandemic mental health. Methods: a theoretical and reflective study, based on Viktor Frankl's philosophy, based on the book "The Doctor and the Soul, From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy" and scientific literature. Results: the study was structured in two discursive approaches: MHS in the field of health; The applicability of MHS in post-pandemic mental health care. Final considerations: MHS can be used in mental health care, in health emergencies, promoting a more humane performance of health professionals, facilitating the integration of inevitable suffering into a meaningful life.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la aplicabilidad de la Cura Médica de Almas (CMA) por parte de los profesionales de la salud como estrategia de acogida en la salud mental pospandemia. Métodos: estudio teórico y reflexivo, basado en la filosofía de Viktor Frankl, a partir del libro "The Doctor and the Soul, From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy" y literatura científica. Resultados: el estudio se estructuró en dos enfoques discursivos: CMA en el campo de la salud; La aplicabilidad de la CMA en la atención de la salud mental pospandemia. Consideraciones finales: la CMA puede ser utilizada en la atención a la salud mental, en emergencias de salud, promoviendo una actuación más humana del profesional de la salud, facilitando la integración del sufrimiento inevitable a una vida con sentido.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a aplicabilidade da Cura Médica de Almas (CMA) por profissionais de saúde como estratégia de acolhimento em saúde mental pós-pandemia. Métodos: estudo teórico e reflexivo, fundamentado na filosofia de Viktor Frankl, baseado no livro "The Doctor and the Soul, From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy" e literatura científica. Resultados: o estudo foi estruturado em dois enfoques discursivos: A CMA no campo da saúde; A aplicabilidade da CMA no acolhimento em saúde mental pós-pandemia. Considerações finais: a CMA pode ser usada na atenção em saúde mental, em emergências sanitárias, promovendo uma atuação do profissional de saúde mais humanizada, facilitando a integração do sofrimento inevitável em uma vida com sentido.

Intervention group logotherapy and performance measures for reducing phubbing in Generation Z / Logoterapia de grupo de intervenção e medidas de desempenho para redução do phubbing na Geração Z

Objective This study aims to explore in-depth how to apply logotherapy to people with phubbing. Methods The research methodology uses with mixed methods, a sequential approach used in this study for handling the phubbing population is 110 students. Samples taken by purposive sampling with attention to the range aged 10-25 years, and the research sample obtains as many as 16 students. The sample was determined based on the scale analysis results and recommendations from the school - research data from research instruments in observation sheets and qualitative data interviews. A Phubbing scale was used to get quantitative data. Results The results of the study showed that there were better changes as evidenced by changes in phubbing scale scores before and after being given treatment. Conclusion The study's conclusion shows that Logotherapy Counseling effectively reduces phubbing in Generation Z.

Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar em profundidade como aplicar a logoterapia a pessoas que são praticantes de phubbing. Método A metodologia da pesquisa dispõe de métodos mistos, com uma abordagem sequencial em uma população de 110 estudantes praticantes de phubbing. As amostras foram obtidas por amostragem proposital, respeitando uma faixa etária de 10 a 25 anos, resultando em 16 estudantes. A amostra foi determinada com base nos resultados da análise da escala de phubbing, usada para obtenção de dados quantitativos, e nas recomendações da escola - dados provenientes de instrumentos de pesquisa em fichas de observação e entrevistas de dados qualitativos. Resultados Os resultados do estudo mostraram que houve melhorias, como evidenciado pelas mudanças na pontuação da escala de phubbing antes e depois de receber o tratamento. Conclusão Concluímos que a Logoterapia reduz efetivamente o phubbing na Geração Z.

The impact of logo-therapy on disease acceptance and self-awareness of patients undergoing hemodialysis; a pre-test-post-test research.

BACKGROUND: Acceptance is considered a key variable in chronic diseases such as chronic renal failure. To achieve adaptation and acceptance, people face obstacles, and identifying these obstacles primarily requires self-awareness. logo-therapy can help a person achieve this goal. To this end, this study aimed to investigate the effect of logo-therapy on disease acceptance and self-awareness of patients undergoing hemodialysis referred to a medical centers supervised by Kerman medical science university in 2021. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test research design on 80 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in Kerman. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling and were then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (40 patients in each group). The logo-therapy training program was performed for the participants in the intervention group during 4 sessions of 45-60 min, individually and three times a week. The instruments used for data collection were a demographic information questionnaire, the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), and the Self-Awareness Outcomes Questionnaire (SAOQ). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). RESULTS: The analysis didn't show a significant difference in the acceptance of illness scores in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P > 0.05). Besides, a statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of self-awareness, indicating that the intervention improved the dialysis patients' self-awareness (P < 0.05). Also, the patients' age, marriage length, and the number of children had statistically significant correlations with self-awareness and acceptance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that meaning therapy intervention can positively affect disease acceptance and self-awareness of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Since logo-therapy has been effective in other patients and the patients in this study, health officials and managers are recommended to use this intervention method to promote disease acceptance and self-awareness in these patients.

The effect of group logotherapy on spirituality and preoperative anxiety in patients seeking open heart surgery referring to Tehran Heart Center in 2020.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most patients experience anxiety before heart surgery. On the other hand, spiritual health can improve the candidate patient's adaptation to surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on spirituality and anxiety of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 hospitalized candidates for cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to two groups (30 in the experimental group, 30 in the control group). To measure anxiety and relationship with God, Beck Anxiety Questionnaire and the researcher-made scale about relationship with God (reconstruction of Lawrence's scale of perception of God) were used, respectively. In the intervention group, in addition to drug therapy, individuals received two sessions of group discussion and spiritual skills training using the behavioral-cognitive method with emphasis on spiritual thoughts and problem-solving methods, but the control group received only drug therapy. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: In the experimental group, the anxiety scores mean in the posttest and follow-up were significantly lower than the pretest (P < 0.05), while the mean anxiety in the control group in the posttest stage was not significantly different, but at the follow-up stage, it was significantly lower than the pretest, but the decrease in mean anxiety in the experimental group was greater (P < 0.05). The mean subscales of relationship with god (influence, divine providence, acceptance, presence, challenge, benevolence) were significantly higher in the experimental and control groups in the follow-up stage than the pretest, but the increase in the mean of these variables was more in the experimental group in the follow-up stage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Findings showed that the components of relationship with God are a good predictor of pre-surgery anxiety, so by focusing on spiritual training of patients who are candidates for surgery, the incidence or severity of anxiety can be reduced.

Spanish Adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Participants With Cancer: Study Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (MCP) is effective in improving meaning in life, hope, optimism, self-efficacy, well-being, and quality of life, and in reducing stress in people with cancer. However, all the studies on the application of MCP in cancer patients have been carried out in Anglo-Saxon samples. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt and verify the efficacy of MCP in populations that speak languages other than English, such as Spanish. Moreover, to expand the data supporting the efficacy of MCP for cancer patients, it would be necessary to compare MCP to other active therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Methods: The aims of the proposed study are: the first objective is to verify the efficacy of the MCP intervention for Spanish participants with cancer in a randomized control trial (RCT) comparing it to CBT. The second objective is to analyze the feasibility and acceptance of MCP in Spanish participants with cancer. The third objective is to analyze whether the changes produced in the meaning in life dimensions (presence, search, comprehension, purpose, and mattering) will predict changes in anxiety, depression, quality of life, etc. Our research team adapted MCP for Spanish participants with cancer. This paper presents the study protocol. The study design consists of a two-arm RCT with two conditions: MCP and CBT, where participants will be randomized to one of the two groups. Eligible participants will be adults with stage I, II, and III cancer who were treated with curative intent and had completed their main medical treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy). Participants will be assessed at pretreatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. The intention-to-treat principle will be used when analyzing data, using mixed-effects models with full information and maximum likelihood estimation. Discussion: This study will provide results that confirm the efficacy of the MCP in Spanish participants with cancer. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/template/Home.vm?uid=U0005WS9&ts=4&sid=S000BOTT&cx=bvr2ue, identifier NCT05197348.

Sentido de vida e saúde mental em professores: uma revisão integrativa / Meaning in life and mental health at teachers: an integrative review / Sentido de vida y salud mental en docentes: una revisión integradora

RESUMO A presente revisão integrativa da literatura tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre sentido de vida (SV) e saúde mental em professores. As bases de dados acessadas para a busca das evidências foram: Web of Science - Coleção Principal, ERIC (ProQuest), PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO e PePSIC. O período de publicação dos artigos abrangidos foi de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2020 para responder à questão norteadora: Como a relação entre sentido de vida e a saúde mental em professores é abordada na literatura científica? Dos sete artigos recuperados, verificou-se que o sentido de vida está associado negativamente com síndrome de burnout e estresse percebido e proporciona melhores índices de funcionamento psicológico e de satisfação vital em docentes.

ABSTRACT This integrative literature review aimed to investigate the relationship between the meaning of life and mental health in teachers. The database accessed for the search for evidence was: Web of Science - Main Collection, ERIC (ProQuest), PsycINFO, SciELO, and PePSIC. The articles covered were from January 2000 to December 2020 to answer the following guiding question: How is the relationship between the meaning of life and mental health in teachers addressed in the scientific literature? Of the seven selected articles, we found that the meaning of life is negatively associated with burnout syndrome and perceived stress and provides better rates of psychological functioning and vital satisfaction at teachers.

RESUMEN La presente revisión de literatura integradora tuvo como objetivo investigar la relación entre el sentido de la vida y la salud mental en los docentes. Las bases de datos a los que se accedió para buscar evidencia fueron: Web of Science - Main Collection, ERIC (ProQuest), PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO y PePSIC. El período de publicación de los artículos fue de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2020 para dar respuesta a la pregunta orientadora: ¿Cómo se aborda en la literatura científica la relación entre el sentido de la vida y la salud mental en los docentes? De los siete artículos seleccionados, se encontró que el sentido de la vida está asociado negativamente con el síndrome de quemarse y el estrés percibido y proporciona mejores índices de funcionamiento psicológico y satisfacción vital en profesores.

An Islamic Form of Logotherapy in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran.

Previous research demonstrated that spiritually sensitive psychotherapy is an effective treatment for clients with depression or anxiety, with outcomes equivalent to secular control interventions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of spiritually sensitive logotherapy intervention in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in university students in Iran. Sixty students with elevated depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II, BDI-II, 22 or greater) were randomly assigned to either a twelve-session group logotherapy programme or a control group. Results showed that spiritually sensitive logotherapy significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress, and significantly more so than in the control group (e.g. interaction effect for BDI-II: F = 56.8, p < 0.001, with a large effect size).

The effectiveness of Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy on improving spiritual well-being and reducing anxiety in Iranian male cardiovascular patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most important cause of death in Iran and the Kermanshah province. One of the most important problems that cardiovascular patients are dealing with is the psychological consequences of their illness. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP) intervention in improving spiritual well-being and reducing anxiety in cardiovascular patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included all patients referred to specialized cardiovascular centers in Kermanshah province in 2019. The participants consisted of 30 patients who were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups after the primary and secondary screening. The experimental group received routine treatment + MCGP (8 weeks and 90-120 min per session) and the control group only received routine treatment. The dependent variables were assessed by Spiritual Well-Being Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory before and after receiving the treatment and 2 months after the treatment. ANCOVA and multivariate analysis of covariance were applied to the data through SPSS-22. IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. RESULTS: The results of covariance analysis showed that MCGP increased spiritual/existential well-being and decreased anxiety in the experimental group (P < 0.001), while no significant difference was traced in the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this randomized controlled trial provide good evidence for the effectiveness of MCGP as a treatment to improve the psychological and spiritual/existential distress in patients with CVDs.

The effects of logotherapy on meaning in life, depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation, in patients with depression: An intervention study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of logotherapy on meaning in life, depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in patients with depression. DESIGN AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental approach was used and 86 participants were recruited from a psychiatric department in Taiwan. The experimental group received logotherapy for 12 weeks. The control group received depression education as usual. FINDINGS: The results revealed significant differences between and within the groups for meaning in life, depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Logotherapy was an effective method for increasing meaning in life, reducing the degree of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation for patients with depression.

In search of logotherapy.

In his authoritative and extraordinarily influential book Man's Search for Meaning, psychiatrist Viktor Frankl proposed that any individual's life task is to find meaning, that meaning cannot be obtained without suffering, and that suffering allows meaning to be identified. He also articulated his therapeutic model-logotherapy, the so-called third Viennese school of psychotherapy. This article contemplates why logotherapy currently has seemingly little salience and suggests that the most likely reasons reflect some components being taken over by other therapies and by tenets of positive psychology articulated in recent decades.